Interbreeding between modern humans and archaic hominins is not a legend is a fact! And this have serious consequences in our genome which are exposured nowadays.
Many researchs affirm modern humans interbreeding with archaic hominins, known as Neanderthals. In this new investigation published in Science Journals and led by Corinne N. Simonti, they found out some DNA related to those hominins in Western and Nothern people and thus hypothesize that some Neandertal's alleles mixed with modern humans . That is because when some groups of anatomical modern humans left Africa and began to spread across Europe and Asia they met each other and some of this groups were related with them in the same time and area. Furthermore, a recent genomic analysis provide not only neandertals and modern humans,
also Denisovans, a new extinc species of human discovered in Denisova cave, were related. That is why some Eurasians contains small fragment of DNA of archaic hominins. Due to those matches, modern humans inherited a particular alleles which can be beneficial or harmful for those people who have inherited their alleles in many differents traits. Also, the environment has an effect. For example in Western people may be damaging cause the surroundings.
Many researchs affirm modern humans interbreeding with archaic hominins, known as Neanderthals. In this new investigation published in Science Journals and led by Corinne N. Simonti, they found out some DNA related to those hominins in Western and Nothern people and thus hypothesize that some Neandertal's alleles mixed with modern humans . That is because when some groups of anatomical modern humans left Africa and began to spread across Europe and Asia they met each other and some of this groups were related with them in the same time and area. Furthermore, a recent genomic analysis provide not only neandertals and modern humans,
also Denisovans, a new extinc species of human discovered in Denisova cave, were related. That is why some Eurasians contains small fragment of DNA of archaic hominins. Due to those matches, modern humans inherited a particular alleles which can be beneficial or harmful for those people who have inherited their alleles in many differents traits. Also, the environment has an effect. For example in Western people may be damaging cause the surroundings.
Neanderthal alleles are associated with neurological, psychiatric, inmunological and dermatological phenotypes and a significal variation are also related to increase of depression and skin injured to the sun exposure. Furthermore, in some individual cases from Neandertals they found out some alleles that are associated with specific human phenotypes, like hypercoagulation or tobacco use. The esperiments conclude that are more associated neurological and phsyciatric phenotypes than digestive phenotypes. Nonetheless, nowadays they don't have the necessary technologies to affirm that precisely, cause they source to extracts the differents genotypes of Neanderthals are quiet limited. Also the methods are not being succesfulled at all.
However, The American Journal of Human Genetics published an article related with this information but in this case associated with he inmune system. This article talk about the mixed between modern humans, Neanderthals and Denisovans. A recent experiments found out a similarity in both case in those haplotypes which are the same haplotypes in their genomes and our DNA. From the last one the ancestors related with them inherit one haplotype by introgression and from the other one two haplotypes. On one hand, people who "live" with those alleles obtained a substantial immune advantage which are involved in the first line of inmune defense against pathogenes such as fungis or bacterias. On the other hand, people who carried the same alleles become more susceptible to be asthmatic or allergic disease.
So we can say people who have DNA from archaic hominins have a positive and negative answers, but only depend on the external factors and if those change may be this genes will become useless. I mean genes can be an advantage if we are in the "correct situation" to take advantage of those functions. However, sometimes it doesn't matter where we are as there are going to activate and do the same function in anywhere. But focused on inherited traits by archaic hominins as I said before, many people can take advantage or disadvantage of the alleles with the exception of those who can´t do anything as they external factors. Because, not only the individuals who are more evolved survive, but those who best adapt to the environment.
Reference:
1.- http://www.cell.com/ajhg/pdf/S0002-9297(15)00486-3.pdf
2.- https:www.theguardian.com/science/2016/jan/07/human-neanderthal-relationships-may-be-
at-root-of-modern-allergies
3.- http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/351/6274/737.full.pdf
4.- https://www.theguardian.com/science/2016/feb/11/neanderthal-dna-may-account-for-
nicotine-addiction-and-depression
However, The American Journal of Human Genetics published an article related with this information but in this case associated with he inmune system. This article talk about the mixed between modern humans, Neanderthals and Denisovans. A recent experiments found out a similarity in both case in those haplotypes which are the same haplotypes in their genomes and our DNA. From the last one the ancestors related with them inherit one haplotype by introgression and from the other one two haplotypes. On one hand, people who "live" with those alleles obtained a substantial immune advantage which are involved in the first line of inmune defense against pathogenes such as fungis or bacterias. On the other hand, people who carried the same alleles become more susceptible to be asthmatic or allergic disease.
So we can say people who have DNA from archaic hominins have a positive and negative answers, but only depend on the external factors and if those change may be this genes will become useless. I mean genes can be an advantage if we are in the "correct situation" to take advantage of those functions. However, sometimes it doesn't matter where we are as there are going to activate and do the same function in anywhere. But focused on inherited traits by archaic hominins as I said before, many people can take advantage or disadvantage of the alleles with the exception of those who can´t do anything as they external factors. Because, not only the individuals who are more evolved survive, but those who best adapt to the environment.
Reference:
1.- http://www.cell.com/ajhg/pdf/S0002-9297(15)00486-3.pdf
2.- https:www.theguardian.com/science/2016/jan/07/human-neanderthal-relationships-may-be-
at-root-of-modern-allergies
3.- http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/351/6274/737.full.pdf
4.- https://www.theguardian.com/science/2016/feb/11/neanderthal-dna-may-account-for-
nicotine-addiction-and-depression
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